How much should a grad student budget for living expenses?
Living expenses vary by city — but for most US grad programs, $1,800-$2,800/month covers rent, utilities, groceries, and basics on a tight budget. Stipends typically run $25,000-$40,000/year (about $2,000-$3,300/month after tax), which means most grad students live month-to-month with very little margin. The honest budget split for a $30k stipend in a mid-cost city: rent $900-$1,100, utilities and internet $120, groceries $300, transportation $100-$200, phone $40, miscellaneous and fun $200-$400. That leaves $100-$300/month for savings — barely. In high-cost cities (Boston, NYC, SF, LA), the gap between stipend and cost of living often requires a roommate, partner subsidy, or supplementary income just to cover the basics.
When should I start budgeting if I'm starting grad school?
The month you receive your funding letter. Funding letters give you the actual numbers — annual stipend, summer pay (or lack of), tuition coverage, fee waivers — and that's enough to build a realistic monthly budget before move-in. The most common grad school financial surprise is that 'fully funded' often doesn't cover fees ($1,000-$3,000/year), health insurance premiums for dependents, or summer months. Build categories for each in Cash Compass before the academic year starts. The second-best time is right now — the chart needs 60-90 days of data to be useful, so starting mid-semester still pays off by the time financial decisions matter (whether to take on summer loans, whether to apply for a TA position, whether to drop a fee-heavy course).
What categories matter most in grad school?
Five categories tend to drive grad-school finances. First, fixed housing — rent plus utilities, ideally under 40% of monthly take-home. Second, food — groceries plus the unavoidable conference and seminar food costs. Third, academic costs — books, software licenses, conference travel ($500-$2,000 per trip, often partially reimbursed but with cashflow timing), and professional society dues. Fourth, the gap-month buffer — savings specifically earmarked for summer or unpaid months. Fifth, mental health and self-care — therapy copays, gym, or whatever keeps you functional, because burnt-out grad students often spend more on impulse purchases when they cut these. Tracking each separately in Cash Compass shows where the budget actually breaks down.
Should I take on loans, work, or both during grad school?
The honest answer depends on your program's TA load and your discipline's funding norms. Most STEM PhDs come with full funding and a stipend that's tight but workable — additional loans are usually optional and worth avoiding. Humanities PhDs often have lower stipends and longer programs (6-8 years vs 4-5), making either supplemental income or modest borrowing common. Professional masters programs (MBA, law, public policy) typically expect significant borrowing — total debt of $50,000-$200,000 is normal. The Cash Compass move: project your monthly debt payment after graduation using your expected starting salary, and if the payment exceeds 10-12% of expected take-home, the borrowing plan needs work. Working during the program (10-20 hours/week TA, tutoring, or freelance) can replace $5,000-$15,000/year in borrowing if your program allows it.